There are exceptions for me to the general rule of only treating perforator veins in advanced clinical classes. Some patients with CEAP C2 or C3 disease will present with a large perforator vein that ...

The deep and superficial systems are interconnected by fascial piercing perforator veins. It is generally regarded that the deep system is a system of high pressure as it is subject to the calf ...

In patients with C2 to C5 disease, I recommend treatment for symptoms ... Dr. Monahan: I would not treat the identified perforators until the superficial veins were all treated; they may be primarily ...