Have you ever seen a close-up of someone's eyes after death? How about the aftermath of a C-section that a woman performed on ...

The vertebral-basilar system supplies the brain-stem, cerebellum and temporal and occipital lobes 2 (Fig. 1). It begins as the vertebral artery, which is the first branch of the subclavian artery.

Ellen Lindner / Verywell Anatomy Branches of the Subclavian Artery The left and right subclavian arteries are located in the thorax (chest) underneath the clavicles (commonly known as the collarbones) ...

Vertebral artery injury is a potentially devastating complication of cervical spine surgery, occurring with an overall incidence of 1.4%. Patients undergoing a posterior instrumented approach are at a ...

Recent episodes in Anatomy of a Scene Film directors walk viewers through one scene of their movies, showing the magic, motives and the mistakes from behind the camera.

The arteriogram, shown in Figure 1, demonstrated stenosis of the left subclavian artery 2.5 cm. distal to the aorta and just proximal to the origin of the left vertebral artery.

Wallenberg syndrome may also be caused by a tear in or damage to the vertebral artery. Vertebral artery tears are the most common cause of Wallenberg syndrome in patients younger than 45 years old.

Penetrating vertebral artery injuries are rare and very difficult to diagnose and because of complex anatomy, difficult surgical exposure are challenging for surgeons [4] [5] . This artery is divided ...

The relationship between the vertebral artery and the cervical spine is closed that the anatomy of the VA is often clinically divided into four segments (7): the extraosseous segment between the ...

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), or arteria inferior posterior cerebelli per Nomina Anatomica, usually arises from the intracranial segment (V4) of the vertebral artery and irrigates ...

There is a small hole on each side of the cervical vertebrae, and through this hole passes the vertebral basilar artery. The bony cervical vertebrae protect this vital blood vessel. The cervical ...

Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that side of the aberrant origin of vertebral artery (left vertebral artery) (P =0.014), arch branch pattern (direct arch origin) (P =0.019), presence of the ...