Some details are clouded by contradictory statements and disinformation. But a pattern of rapid escalation brought the conflict to the brink of catastrophe.

The India-Pakistan DGMO hotline is a crucial communication link between military heads, helping prevent misunderstandings and manage border tensions. Here's how this direct line keeps the peace in one of the world's most volatile regions.

Poet Zareef Ahmed Zareef has watched India and Pakistan fight for decades over his homeland, the disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir. He was born in 1947, the same year India and Pakistan became independent nations and British colonial rule ended.