Levels of thyroid hormones in serum are tightly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (Figure 1). Hypothalamic TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) is secreted mainly from the ...

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) causes cellular damage and alters thyroid gland function by humoral and cell-mediated mechanisms. Cellular damage occurs when sensitized T-lymphocytes and/or ...

This can happen due to inflammation in the thyroid, called thyroiditis, which causes the thyroid to create excess hormones. Hyperthyroidism can also be caused by nodules that are known as toxic ...

The thyroid, a butterfly-shaped gland at the base of the neck, regulates metabolism, energy levels, digestion, and ...

Recent research throws into question whether GLP-1 drugs increase the risk of certain types of thyroid cancer.

While both are called medullary carcinoma, these cancers differ in many ways: ...

Thyroid storm causes an increased heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. It may occur in people with hyperthyroidism. It can be life threatening without treatment. Thyroid storm ...

If you have thyroid disease, then there is a chance you may also have persistent xerostomia (dry mouth). In fact, while there are many causes of dry mouth, one study found that about half of ...

Your thyroid gland, located at the front of the neck, performs a very important function—secreting two hormones, T3 and T4. They help in metabolism, the process through which your food gets ...

Thyroid eye disease is a chronic condition that causes inflammation in your eyes. It affects about 25–50% of people with Graves’ disease, which is an autoimmune disorder that causes an ...

occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones to regulate metabolism. While some causes, such as autoimmune disorders and iodine deficiency, may not be entirely preventable ...

All of these disorders can result in an enlarged thyroid gland that causes swelling of the neck, a so-called goiter. Thyroidectomy is frequently the treatment offered to patients with low-risk ...