Varicose veins are an early manifestation of chronic venous insufficiency. Although the risk factors associated with varicose veins are well described, the basic pathophysiology leading to venous ...

Interv Cardiol. 2012;4(5):527-536. The venous anatomy of the lower leg is made up of two axial systems, a superficial and a deep venous system. The superficial system lies above the muscle fascia ...