Among simple congenital heart diseases (CHD), patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with a significantly higher risk for epilepsy.

New-onset migraine was noted in ten patients. ASD: Atrial septal defect; NA: Not assessed; NR: Not reported; PFO: Patent foramen ovale. The following arguments support the hypothesis that ...

with atrial septal defect (ASD), PFO, ventricular septal defect (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). The researchers found that 108 individuals were diagnosed with epilepsy at an average ...