Figure 4. Digital subtraction angiography with early and late phase demonstrating (A) left subclavian artery occlusion with (B) retrograde vertebral filling of proximal subclavian artery.

Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010;8(9):1275-1282. Finally, we examined our own experience with a 9-year follow-up of primary stenting, which is one of the longest to date. A total of 91 patients ...

Vertebral angiography was pioneered by Moniz and Alves in 1936, and initially performed by exposure and direct injection of subclavian or vertebral arteries. 1 A percutaneous lateral atlanto-occipital ...

The vertebral-basilar system supplies the brain-stem, cerebellum and temporal and occipital lobes 2 (Fig. 1). It begins as the vertebral artery, which is the first branch of the subclavian artery.

Archive Retrograde Vertebral-Artery Flow Produced by Correction of Subclavian-Steal Syndrome Authors: Robert L. Berger, M.D., James J. Sidd, M.D., and K. Ramaswamy, M.D. Author Info & Affiliations ...

(A) Right subclavian artery and (B) right innominate artery injections in left anterior oblique projection demonstrate complete occlusion of the vertebral artery shortly beyond its origin (black arrow ...

Background and Objectives: Vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH) is a common anatomical variation. We aimed to investigate the association between VAH and atherosclerotic stenosis of subclavian artery (SA ...

Anatomy Branches of the Subclavian Artery The left and right subclavian arteries are located in the thorax (chest) underneath the clavicles (commonly known as the collarbones). The left subclavian ...

We performed a redo-partial upper median sternotomy and dissected free the innominate artery and origins of the right subclavian artery and common carotid artery (Figure 3). The right internal mammary ...

These arteries unite at the base of the brain to form the basilar artery, and in a healthy person they supply up to 20% of the brain’s blood. Normally, the blood in the vertebral arteries flows ...

From the Cardiovascular Surgical Section, Veterans Administration Hospital, Oteen, North Carolina. Five patients with subclavian artery stenosis, reversed vertebral artery blood flow, and basilar ...