9,14 They are a diastolic murmur at the base or left sternal border or a long systolic murmur, loudest at the apex and transmitted to the axilla, with or without an associated apical diastolic murmur.

Impairment of left ventricular (LV) diastolic function as well as systolic function appear very early in the course of heart disease. Recent HF guidelines, therefore, place special emphasis on the ...